Article files should be provided in Microsoft Word format

While you are welcome to submit a PDF of the document alongside the Word file, PDFs alone are not acceptable. LaTeX files can also be used but only if an accompanying PDF document is provided. Acceptable figure file types are listed further below.

Articles should be between 6000  and 8000 words in length. This includes all text, for example, the structured abstract, references, all text in tables, and figures and appendices. 

Please allow 280 words for each figure or table.

A concisely worded title should be provided.

The names of all contributing authors should be added to the ScholarOne submission; please list them in the order in which you’d like them to be published. Each contributing author will need their own ScholarOne author account, from which we will extract the following details:

• Author email address (institutional preferred).
• Author name. We will reproduce it exactly, so any middle names and/or initials they want featured must be included.
• Author affiliation. This should be where they were based when the research for the paper was conducted.

In multi-authored papers, it’s important that ALL authors that have made a significant contribution to the paper are listed. Those who have provided support but have not contributed to the research should be featured in an acknowledgements section. You should never include people who have not contributed to the paper or who don’t want to be associated with the research. Read about our research ethics for authorship.

If you want to include these items, save them in a separate Microsoft Word document and upload the file with your submission. Where they are included, a brief professional biography of not more than 100 words should be supplied for each named author.

Your article must reference all sources of external research funding in the acknowledgements section. You should describe the role of the funder or financial sponsor in the entire research process, from study design to submission.

All submissions must include a structured abstract, following the format outlined below.

These four sub-headings and their accompanying explanations must always be included:

• Purpose
• Design/methodology/approach
• Findings
• Originality

The following three sub-headings are optional and can be included, if applicable:

• Research limitations/implications
• Practical implications
• Social implications

You can find some useful tips in our write an article abstract how-to guide.

The maximum length of your abstract should be 250 words in total, including keywords and article classification (see the sections below).

Your submission should include up to 12 appropriate and short keywords that capture the principal topics of the paper. Our Creating an SEO-friendly manuscript how to guide contains some practical guidance on choosing search-engine friendly keywords.

Please note, while we will always try to use the keywords you’ve suggested, the in-house editorial team may replace some of them with matching terms to ensure consistency across publications and improve your article’s visibility.

During the submission process, you will be asked to select a type for your paper; the options are listed below. If you don’t see an exact match, please choose the best fit:

• Research Article
• Research Note
• Case Study in City Tourism
• Relevant Conference Report
• Invited Article
• Book Review

You will also be asked to select a category for your paper. The options for this are listed below. If you don’t see an exact match, please choose the best fit:

Research paper. Reports on any type of research undertaken by the author(s), including:

• The construction or testing of a model or framework
• Action research
• Testing of data, market research or surveys
• Empirical, scientific or clinical research
• Papers with a practical focus

Viewpoint. Covers any paper where content is dependent on the author's opinion and interpretation. This includes journalistic and magazine-style pieces.

Technical paper. Describes and evaluates technical products, processes or services.

Conceptual paper. Focuses on developing hypotheses and is usually discursive. Covers philosophical discussions and comparative studies of other authors’ work and thinking.

Case study. Describes actual interventions or experiences within organizations. It can be subjective and doesn’t generally report on research. Also covers a description of a legal case or a hypothetical case study used as a teaching exercise.

Literature review. This category should only be used if the main purpose of the paper is to annotate and/or critique the literature in a particular field. It could be a selective bibliography providing advice on information sources, or the paper may aim to cover the main contributors to the development of a topic and explore their different views.

General review. Provides an overview or historical examination of some concept, technique or phenomenon. Papers are likely to be more descriptive or instructional (‘how to’ papers) than discursive.

Headings must be concise, with a clear indication of the required hierarchy. 

The preferred format is for first level headings to be in bold, and subsequent sub-headings to be in medium italics.

Notes or endnotes should only be used if absolutely necessary. They should be identified in the text by consecutive numbers enclosed in square brackets. These numbers should then be listed, and explained, at the end of the article.

All figures (charts, diagrams, line drawings, webpages/screenshots, and photographic images) should be submitted electronically. Both colour and black and white files are accepted.

There are a few other important points to note:

• All figures should be supplied at the highest resolution/quality possible with numbers and text clearly legible.
• Acceptable formats are .ai, .eps, .jpeg, .bmp, and .tif.
• Electronic figures created in other applications should be supplied in their original formats and should also be either copied and pasted into a blank MS Word document, or submitted as a PDF file.
• All figures should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals and have clear captions.
• All photographs should be numbered as Plate 1, 2, 3, etc. and have clear captions.
• All figure/table captions should include the necessary credit line, acknowledgement, or attribution if you have been given permission to use the figure/table; if the figure/table is the property of the author(s), this should be acknowledged in the caption.

Tables should be typed and submitted in a separate file to the main body of the article. The position of each table should be clearly labelled in the main body of the article with corresponding labels clearly shown in the table file. Tables should be numbered consecutively in Roman numerals (e.g. I, II, etc.).

Give each table a brief title. Ensure that any superscripts or asterisks are shown next to the relevant items and have explanations displayed as footnotes to the table, figure or plate.

Supplementary files

Where tables, figures, appendices, and other additional content are supplementary to the article but not critical to the reader’s understanding of it, you can choose to host these supplementary files alongside your article on Insight, Emerald’s content hosting platform, or on an institutional or personal repository. All supplementary material must be submitted prior to acceptance.

If you choose to host your supplementary files on Insight, you must submit these as separate files alongside your article. Files should be clearly labelled in such a way that makes it clear they are supplementary; Emerald recommends that the file name is descriptive and that it follows the format ‘Supplementary_material_appendix_1’ or ‘Supplementary tables’. All supplementary material must be mentioned at the appropriate moment in the main text of the article, there is no need to include the content of the file but only the file name. A link to the supplementary material will be added to the article during production, and the material will be made available alongside the main text of the article at the point of EarlyCite publication.

Please note that Emerald will not make any changes to the material; it will not be copyedited, typeset, and authors will not receive proofs. Emerald therefore strongly recommends that you style all supplementary material ahead of acceptance of the article.

Emerald Insight can host the following file types and extensions:

• Adobe Acrobat (.pdf)
• MS Word document (.doc, .docx)
• MS Excel (.xls, xlsx)
• MS PowerPoint (.pptx)
• Image (.png, .jpeg, .gif)
• Plain ASCII text (.txt)
• PostScript (.ps)
• Rich Text Format (.rtf)

If you choose to use an institutional or personal repository, you should ensure that the supplementary material is hosted on the repository ahead of submission, and then include a link only to the repository within the article. It is the responsibility of the submitting author to ensure that the material is free to access and that it remains permanently available.

Please note that extensive supplementary material may be subject to peer review; this is at the discretion of the journal Editor and dependent on the content of the material (for example, whether including it would support the reviewer making a decision on the article during the peer review process).

References to other publications must be in APA style and carefully checked for completeness, accuracy and consistency. This is important as it enables your readers to exploit the Reference Linking facility on the database and link back to the works you have cited through CrossRef.

Invert all authors’ names; give surnames and initials for up to and including seven authors. When authors number eight or more, include the first six authors’ names, then insert three ellipsis points, and add the last author’s name.

For example:

Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J. F., Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C., Plath, L. C., Asgaard, G., … Botros, N. (2004). Effects of quitting smoking on EEG activation and attention last for more than 31 days and are more severe with stress, dependence, DRD2 A 1 allele, and depressive traits. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 6, 249–267. doi:1 0.1 080/1462220041 0001676305.

For references with the same surname and initials but different first name, provide the first name as follows:

• Janet, P. [Paul]. (1876). La notion de la personnalité [The notion of personality]. Revue Scientifique, 10, 574–575.
• Janet, P. [Pierre]. (1906). The pathogenesis of some impulsions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1, 1–17.

For references of two or more primary authors with the same surname, include the first author's initials in all text citations, even if the year of publication differs.

• Light, I. (2006). Deflecting immigration: Networks, markets, and regulation in Los Angeles. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
• Light, M. A., & Light, I. H. (2008). The geographic expansion of Mexican immigration in the United States and its implications for local law enforcement. Law Enforcement Executive Forum Journal, 8, 73–82.

Examples of text citation: Among studies, we review M.A. Light and Light (2008). I. Light (2006) studies this concept.

If two references of more than three surnames with the same year shorten to the same form (e.g. both Ireys, Chernoff, DeVet, & Kim, 2001, and Ireys, Chernoff, Stein, DeVet, & Silver, 2001 shorten to Ireys et al., 2001) then cite the surnames of the first authors and of as many of the subsequent authors as necessary to distinguish the two references, followed by a comma and et al.:

Ireys, Chernoff, DeVet, et al. (2001) and Ireys, Chernoff, Stein, et al. (2001)

• Do not include personal communications, such as letters, memoranda, and informal electronic communications in references, but do cite these in the text. Examples of a citation of personal communication are: (V. G. Nguyen, personal communication, September 28, 1999); T. K. Lutes (personal communication, April 18, 2001).

Use Arabic numerals even if some volume numbers of books and journals are given in roman numerals (e.g. Vol. 3 not Vol. III).

• Burns, P. (2002a). The intergovernmental regime: A public policy in Hartford, Connecticut. Journal of Urban Affairs, 24(7), 55–73.
• Burns, P. (2002b). The intergovernmental regime: A public policy in Hartford, Connecticut. Journal of Urban Affairs, 24(September), 55–73.
• Burns, P. (2002). The intergovernmental regime: A public policy in Hartford, Connecticut. Journal of Urban Affairs, 24(Autumn), 55–73.
• Burns, P. (in press-a). The intergovernmental regime: A public policy in Hartford, Connecticut. Journal of Urban Affairs, 24(7), 55–73.
• Burns, P., & Johanson, R. (Eds.). (2002). The intergovernmental regime: A public policy in Hartford, Connecticut. Journal of Urban Affairs, 24(7), 55–73.

• Alexander, C. F. (1996). The theory and practice of Ku Klux Klan in the southwest. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
• Alexander, C. F. (1996). The theory and practice of Ku Klux Klan in the southwest [Brochure]. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
• American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). (2002). Statement on auditing standards no. 99: Consideration of fraud in a financial audit. New York, NY: AICPA.
• Arnold, M. B. (1960). Emotion and personality: Psychological aspects (2nd ed., pp. 34–48). New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
• Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). London: Merriam-Webster.
• Citation: (Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 1993).

• Bridges, A., Burns, B., & Cash, A. (1989). Becoming an American: The working classes in the United States before the Civil War. In I. Katezelson & A. Zolvo (Eds.), Working class formation: A subject class (2nd ed., Vol. 6, pp. 110–125). Princeton, NJ: Wiley.
• Bridges, A., & Burns, B. (with Cash, C. A.) (1989). Becoming an American: The working classes in the United States before the Civil War. In I. Katezelson (Ed.), Working class formation: A subject class (2nd ed., Vol. 6, pp. 110–125). London: City University.
• Bridges, A., Burns, B., & Cash, A. (Eds.). (1989). Becoming an American: The working classes in the United States before the Civil War. In Working class formation: A subject class (2nd ed., Vol. 6, p. 125). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• Simmel, G. (1950). The stranger. In K. Wolff (Ed. & Trans.), The sociology of Georg Simmel. New York, NY: Free Press (Original work published in 1908).

• Lowe, R. (1967). Racial segregation in Indiana. Ph.D. thesis, Ball State University, Munice, IN, USA.

• Sinaceur, M. (2006). Suspending judgments to create value: Suspicion, distrust and trust in negotiations. Dissertation, Stanford University

• Chalmers, D. (1965). Becoming an American in today’s world. In I. Katezelson (Ed.), Proceedings of the 4th international conference meeting, Bronx, Germany (pp. 1–27).

• Chalmers, D. (1965). Racial segregation in Indiana. Unpublished data. Department of Biotechnology, University of Antwerp, Belgium

• John, A., Williams, R., & Monste, E. (2000). Article title in German. Journal name in German. [Translation of Journal Name in English.], 47, 1–10.

• John, A., Williams, R., & Monste, E. (2000). In H. Johanson & K. Mark (Trans.), Book name in French (pp. 1–20). [Book name in English.] Place: Publisher

• John, A., Williams, R., & Monste, E. (2000). Article title. In T. Monste (Ed.), Book name. Book Title Series. Place: Publisher

• Bonn, M. (2000). Racial segregation in Indiana. Technical Report no. 29876765. University of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
• Author, A. (2001). Article title. Technical Report. Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin 1897287. University of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
• Armstrong, J., Deeble, J., Dror, D. M., Rice, N., Thiede, M., & Van de Ven, W. P. M. M. (2004, February 16). The International Review Panel report to the South African Risk Equalization Fund Task Group. Retrieved from http://www.medicalschemes.com/publications/publications.aspx?catid=23. Accessed on March 9, 2007.
• Armstrong, J., Deeble, J., & Dror, D. M. (2004, February 16). The International Review Panel report to the South African Risk Equalization Fund Task Group. Retrieved from http://www.medicalschemes.com/publications/publications.aspx?catid=23. Accessed on March 9

• John, A. (2000). Article title. Working Paper No. 1897287. University of Wisconsin, WI.
• John, A. (2001). Article title. Working Paper. Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin 1897287. University of Wisconsin, WI.
• Bonn, M. (2000). Racial segregation in Indiana. Discussion paper. University of Wisconsin, WI.

• John, A., Williams, R., & Monste, E. (2000). Value and the world economy today. Paper presented at the International Association of Conflict Management, Seville, Spain.
• Wang, C. S., Phillips, K. W., Loyd, D. L., & Lount, R. B., Jr. (2005). The conflict between how we feel and how we think: Affective and cognitive reactions to disagreement from socially similar and dissimilar others. Paper presented at Academy of Management, Honolulu, HI.

• New York Times. (1980). Article title. New York Times, June 12, p. 168.
• John, R. (1990). Article title. New York Times, June 12, p. 45.

• Smith, P. K., & Bargh, J. A. (2004). Nonconscious effects of power on basic approach and avoidance tendencies. Manuscript submitted for publication.
• Young, R. C., Keltner, D., Londahl, E. A., Capps, L. M., & Tauer, J. T. (1999). The pleasures of talking trash: Development, social status, and teasing. Unpublished manuscript.

• ČTK. (2005). Middle class would pay for ODS plan, November 29. Retrieved from http://www.prague.st/upload_ctk/articles/czech-ods-reforms-reactions-pr…. Accessed on January 2008.
• Armstrong, J., Deeble, J., & Dror, D. M. (2004, February 16). The International Review Panel report to the South African Risk Equalization Fund Task Group. Retrieved from http://www.medicalschemes.com/publications/publications.aspx?catid=23. Accessed on March 9.
• Arnold, M. B. (1960). Emotion and personality: Psychological aspects (2nd ed., pp. 34–48). New York, NA: Columbia University Press. Retrieved from http://www.medicalschemes.com/publications/publications.aspx?catid=23
• Van Nuys, D. (Producer). (2007, December 19). Shrink rap radio [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.shrinkrapradio.com/

• Schiraldi, G. R. (2001). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to healing, recovery, and growth [Adobe Digital Editions version]. doi:10.1036/0071393